STUTTERING or STAMMERING

Stuttering results from a spasm of the vocal system (larynx, throat, tounge and other musculature) induced by strong emotions or sensations. Demosthenes, a great orator, illustrates that Stuttering can be remedied. Emperor Claudius illustrates that spastic Cerebral Palsy may impede speech without alteration of cognitive abilities.

Neither dysarthria, dyslalia, dysphoria nor stuttering disabled Demosthenes nor Emperor Claudius from becoming famous leaders.

"... Stuttering is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is disrupted by frequent repetitions or prolongations of speech sounds, syllables or words or by an individual's inability to start a word. The speech disruptions may be accompanied by rapid eye blinks, tremors of the lips and/or jaw or other struggle behaviors of the face or upper body that a person who stutters may use in an attempt to speak. Certain situations, such as speaking before a group of people or talking on the telephone, tend to make stuttering more severe, whereas other situations, such as singing or speaking alone, often improve fluency. Stuttering may also be referred to as stammering, especially in England ..." per National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders ...